Which entity is responsible for determining the guilt or innocence of a defendant in a criminal case?

The jury is responsible for determining the guilt or innocence of a defendant in a criminal case. This role is fundamental in the criminal justice system as it ensures a fair trial by involving a group of impartial citizens who assess the evidence presented during the trial. The jury listens to witness testimonies, reviews evidence, and deliberates to reach a verdict based on the standard of "beyond a reasonable doubt." This collective decision-making process is designed to safeguard against arbitrary judgment by any single individual, thereby promoting justice and fairness in legal proceedings.

In contrast, the judge oversees the legal proceedings and ensures that the law is upheld, while the prosecutor presents the case against the defendant and aims to prove guilt. The defense attorney represents the defendant's interests, working to defend against the charges. However, neither the judge, prosecutor, nor defense attorney determines guilt or innocence; that responsibility lies solely with the jury.