Which amendment guarantees freedom of speech?

The 1st Amendment of the United States Constitution is the cornerstone of American civil liberties, particularly regarding freedom of speech. Ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights, it guarantees individuals the right to express themselves without government interference or regulation. This amendment not only protects verbal communication but also extends to symbolic speech, including actions and demonstrations that convey particular messages.

The significance of the 1st Amendment lies in its role in fostering a marketplace of ideas, where open discourse is essential for a healthy democracy. By safeguarding freedom of speech, the amendment allows for diverse opinions and dissent, which are vital for political participation and social progress.

In contrast, other amendments listed do not address freedom of speech. The 2nd Amendment deals with the right to bear arms, the 5th Amendment encompasses protections against self-incrimination and double jeopardy, and the 8th Amendment prevents excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments. Each of these amendments serves different purposes in the legal framework of the Constitution, but only the 1st Amendment specifically enshrines the right to speak freely.