What principle allows an individual to not testify against themselves in a criminal case?

The principle that allows an individual to not testify against themselves in a criminal case is the right to remain silent. This right is rooted in the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which states that no person "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself." This protection is fundamental to ensuring that individuals cannot be forced to provide testimony that may incriminate them. It is a crucial aspect of the legal system that upholds the concept of fair trials and safeguards against self-incrimination.

In the context of the choices provided, the other principles play different roles in the legal system. The right to counsel ensures that individuals have access to legal representation, due process guarantees fair treatment through the normal judicial system, and double jeopardy protects individuals from being tried twice for the same offense. While all these rights are important in the context of criminal law, the specific protection against self-incrimination is best encapsulated by the right to remain silent.